Numerical Investigation on the Effects of Forest Heterogeneity on Wind-Turbine Wake

This work aims at investigating the effects of forest heterogeneity on a wind-turbine wake under neutrally stratified condition. Three types forests, homogeneous (idealized), real having natural heterogeneity, and an idealized strong are considered in this study. For each type, three densities with Leaf Area Index (LAI) values 0.42,1.7, 4.25 investigated. The data estimated from dense site located Ryningsnäs, Sweden, while obtained using aerial LiDAR scan over Pihtipudas, about 140 km north Jyväskylä, Finland. is made up small patches to represent heterogeneous forest. turbine definition used model NREL 5 MW reference wind turbine, which modeled numerical simulations by Actuator Line Model (ALM) approach. implemented OpenFOAM based Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (U-RANS) results highlight levels different formation recovery stand-alone wake. It observed that forests have higher turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) compared for LAI value less than approximately 2, above 2 show TKE (patched) Technically, deficits region more pronounced other cases.